Accounting Knowledge: Methods In Accounting Work

Set up accounting subjects

The accounting items are the specific contents of the accounting objects, which are classified according to their different characteristics and the needs of economic management.

Double entry bookkeeping

Duplex bookkeeping is a way of recording economic business.

This method is characterized by equal amount of money for each business and two or more than two accounts.

The double entry bookkeeping method can be used to understand the overall picture of the economic business through the correspondence of accounts, and check the correctness of the relevant economic business records through the balance relationship of accounts.

Therefore, this method is a relatively perfect and scientific bookkeeping method, which is widely adopted by countries all over the world.

At present, China's enterprise accounting bookkeeping adopts loan accounting method.

Filling and auditing vouchers

Accounting voucher is a written proof of economic business and clear economic responsibility. It is the basis for registering books.

For the economic business that has happened or completed, the certificate should be filled and signed by the managing personnel or the relevant units.

According to the procedures and purposes of filling documents, accounting vouchers are divided into original vouchers and accounting vouchers.

Original voucher is the original evidence that has been obtained or filled up in the course of economic business to record and prove the occurrence or completion of economic business.

Bookkeeping voucher is a certificate that the accountants classify according to the original voucher or collect the original voucher, according to the contents of the economic business, and fill in the accounting entries according to the contents.

The audit of accounting vouchers is mainly to examine various original vouchers.

All kinds of original vouchers should be audited by the accounting department except the audited departments concerned.

The contents of the review are: first, the legality of the economic pactions recorded; and two, whether the contents of the vouchers are in line with the prescribed requirements.

Audit of bookkeeping vouchers is actually an audit of original vouchers.

The main purpose is to verify whether the filling of documents is in line with the specified requirements.

Register book

The account book is a comprehensive, continuous and systematic account of various economic pactions and an important tool for preserving accounting data.

The register book is to record all the economic pactions in the order of their occurrence in order to provide complete and systematic data for operation and management.

The register books must be based on the vouchers which have been audited; meanwhile, the accounts should be divided according to the prescribed accounting subjects, and all the economic pactions should be credited to the relevant accounts, and the accounts should be checked regularly, and the accounting indicators should be calculated and accumulated.

The data provided by books are the main basis for compiling accounting statements.

Cost calculation

Cost calculation is based on a certain object, after collection, distribution, respectively, the cost of the operation process separately, determine each.

physical inventory

Property inventory is to check physical objects, check accounts, and identify the actual amount and occupancy of property, materials and funds.

In practical work, for various reasons, the accounting information is sometimes inconsistent with the actual situation. In order to achieve the matching of accounts and accounts, dig out the potential of property and materials, and strengthen the management of property and materials, it is necessary to conduct property inspection.

In the inventory, if the actual amount of certain property and capital is not consistent with the amount of the book balance, it is necessary to find out the reasons for the discrepancy of the accounts, make corresponding treatment, and adjust the account records, so as to keep the account amount in line with the actual amount, so as to ensure the authenticity of the accounting information.

By checking the property, it is also possible to ascertain the custody and usage of the property and the funds.

Compiling accounting statements

Accounting statement is a comprehensive report of the contents of account records in a certain period in a certain form, that is, a comprehensive report on the process and results of the economic activities of the unit in a certain period.

The preparation of accounting statements is to regularly summarize daily accounting data, which generally reflects the process and results of economic activities.

The compilation of accounting indicators provided by accounting statements plays an important role in macro and micro economic planning, decision-making and supervision.

Compiling accounting statement is an important accounting method which is necessary for accounting to play an important role in economic management.

All the accounting methods mentioned above are interrelated and closely cooperated, thus forming a complete method system.

In the accounting work, we must correctly apply these methods: to fill in and examine vouchers for daily economic pactions, to classify accounts according to the prescribed accounting subjects, and to enter the relevant books by the double entry bookkeeping method; to carry out the cost calculation for all expenses occurring in the course of operation, and to check the account records at the end of a certain period of time, and to prepare the accounting statements based on the account books, on the basis of the tally of the accounts, the matching of accounts and the actual accounts.

In the internal connection between the seven accounting methods, filling and examining vouchers, registering books and preparing reports are three main and continuous links, while the other four specialized methods are interwoven and closely interrelated in these three basic links.